Data coverage
This data set provides measurements from the Amazonian Aerosol Characterization Experiment (AMAZE-08) carried out during the wet season from February 4 to March 21, 2008 in the central Amazon Basin. Aerosol and atmospheric samples and measurements were collected at Tower TT34 located 60 km NNW of downtown Manaus, and at Tower K34, located 1.6 km from the TT34 site. Physical characterization of aerosols included size, mass, and number distributions and light scattering properties. Chemical characterization included mass concentrations of organics, major anions and cations, and trace metals. Aerosol sources were estimated with measurements of black carbon and biogenic particles. Meteorological and atmospheric conditions including relative humidity, temperature, wind speed and direction, rain, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), downward and upward solar irradiance, and condensation nuclei were measured. Atmospheric trace gases and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were sampled and analyzed. amazonprecip228 The Amazon River Basin precipitation grids were derived from data which was collected daily by the gauging network operated by the Divisao Nacional de Aguas e Energia Eletrica (DNAEE, SGAN 603 Modulo J, Anexo DNC, CEP 70.830-030 Brasilia DF, Brazil). The DNAEE provided the Earth Observing System (EOS) Regional Amazon Model (EOSRAM) project with this data for cooperative analysis. The project includes both empirical and modeling studies of rainfall and runoff from sample hillslopes to the entire Amazon basin. The precipitation data is 0.2 degree gridded monthly precipitation data. The data spans the period from January 1972 to December 1992. JERS-1SARGRFMAmazonMosaics1280 This data set provides ~100-m resolution image mosaics of South America acquired during the low flood season between September and December 1995 and during the high flood season between May and July of 1996. The images cover the same areas during both seasons and were obtained from the Japanese Earth Resources Satellite 1 (JERS-1) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) of the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA). The data were mosaicked into 34 tiles for each season, each consisting of about 50 JERS-1 scenes. This data set constitutes the first-ever high-resolution and single season coverage of the entire Amazon River Basin, made possible by the cloud penetrating properties of the radar sensor. The images are from the original JERS-1 SAR Global Rain Forest Mapping Project. This data set contains 66 files in GeoTIFF (.tiff) format. There are 32 files for the low flood season and 34 files for the high flood season. basinborder670 This data set is an expanded version of the Costa et al. (2000) data set and consists of a single grid with values of 1 for cells within the basins and 0 for cells outside. The resolution of the data set is 5 x 5 min (approximately 9 x 9 km). The area of this data set is consistent with the study area of the Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA) in South America. The data file is in ASCII GRID format. legalamazonmask671 The Legal Amazon of Brazil is defined by law to include the states of Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima, Mato Grosso, Maranhão, and Tocantins [Fundãcao Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) 1991]. This is the definition used in generating the Legal Amazon mask. The 8-km Legal Amazon mask was generated by Christopher Potter at the Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch of the Earth Science Division at NASA Ames Research Center (Potter and Brooks-Genovese 1999). The mask was generated from the Digital Chart of the World available from Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI). The mask is available in ASCII GRID format. The README file accompanying the mask has more information regarding data format. More information can be found at ftp://daac.ornl.gov/data/lba/humandimensions/legalamazonmask/comp/legamazonreadme.pdf. olson672 This data set is a subset of Olson et al. (1985, 2000) "Major World Ecosystem Complexes Ranked by Carbon in Live Vegetation." This subset was created for the study area of the Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA) in South America (i.e., latitude 10° N to 25° S, longitude 30° to 85° W). The data are in ASCII GRID format. "Major World Ecosystem Complexes Ranked by Carbon in Live Vegetation" is a computerized database used to generate a global vegetation map of 44 different land ecosystem complexes (mosaics of vegetation or landscapes) comprising seven broad groups. The map is derived from patterns of preagricultural vegetation, modern areal surveys, and intensive biomass data from research sites. Work on the database was begun in 1960 and completed in 1980. Ecosystem complexes are defined for each 0.5-degree grid cell, reflecting the major climatic, topographic, and land-use patterns. Numeric codes are assigned to each vegetation type. Classifications include natural as well as human managed/modified complexes such as mainly cropped, residential, commercial, and park. The complexes are ranked by estimated organic carbon in the mass of live plants given in units of kilograms of carbon per square meter. Counting the cells of each type and adding their areas give total area estimates for the ecosystem complexes. Multiplying by carbon estimates gives corresponding estimates of carbon by ecosystem complex with in the LBA study area. The results help define the role of the terrestrial biosphere in the global carbon cycle. Information about the ecosystem classifications, as well as the procedure used to create the LBA subset can be found at ftp://daac.ornl.gov/data/lba/carbondynamics/olson/comp/olsonreadme.pdf. LBA was a cooperative international research initiative led by Brazil. NASA was a lead sponsor for several experiments. LBA was designed to create the new knowledge needed to understand the climatological, ecological, biogeochemical, and hydrological functioning of Amazonia; the impact of land use change on these functions; and the interactions between Amazonia and the Earth system. More information about LBA can be found at http://www.daac.ornl.gov/LBA/miscamazon.html. willmott673 This data set is a subset of a 0.5-degree gridded temperature and precipitation data set for South America (Willmott and Webber 1998). This subset was created for the study area of the Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA), defined as 10° N to 25° S, 30° to 85° W. The data are in ASCII GRID format. The data consist of the following: Monthly mean air temperature time series (1960-1990), in degrees C: monthly mean air temperatures for 1960-1990 cross validation errors associated with time series monthly mean air temperatures for 1960-1990, DEM assisted interpolation cross validation errors associated with DEM assisted interpolation time series Monthly mean air temperature climatology, in degrees C: climatic means of monthly and annual air temperatures cross validation errors associated with climatic means climatic means of monthly and annual mean air temperatures, DEM assisted interpolation cross validation errors associated with DEM assisted interpolation climatic means Monthly total precipitation time series (1960-1990), in millimeters: monthly precipitation totals for 1960-1990 cross validation errors associated with time series monthly precipitation totals for 1960-1990, climatologically aided interpolation cross validation errors associated with climatologically aided interpolation time series Monthly total precipitation climatology, in millimeters: climatic means of monthly and annual precipitation totals cross validation errors associated with climatic means More information about the full data set can be found at "Willmott, Matsuura, and Collaborators' Global Climate Resource Pages" (http://climate.geog.udel.edu/~climate) at the University of Delaware. 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